Taschengeld und Sparverhalten bei Grundschulkindern: eine empirische Untersuchung in Nordwestdeutschland

This working paper presents the results of a survey of 330 schoolchildren from three primary schools in small rural towns in North-Rhine Westfalia and Lower Saxony. The questions dealt with pocket money and savings behaviour and the data related to two main issues. Firstly, a measure was made to the extent to which the investigated families apply the central recommendations of pocket money pedagogy. Secondly, the data was considered in the context of the established attitudinal-behavioural models. The results reveal that approximately 80 % of the children receive pocket money regularly. The average weekly amount is EUR 2.29, with a standard deviation of EUR 1.61. Within the attitude-behaviour-framework, a relationship was proven between the perceived behavioural control of the children and their ability to come out with the pocket money. This results supplements and confirms analogous findings from health didactics, in which strengthening the self esteem of children has emerged a central pillar of prevention of unhealthy behaviour. --

Physical Activity and Incident Hypertension in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study

There is limited empirical evidence to support the protective effects of physical activity in the prevention of hypertension among African Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with incident hypertension among African Americans. We studied 1311 participants without hypertension at baseline enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study, a community-based study of African Americans residing in Jackson, Mississippi. Overall physical activity, moderate–vigorous physical activity, and domain-specific physical activity (work, active living, household, and sport/exercise) were assessed by self-report during the baseline examination (2000–2004). Incident hypertension, assessed at examination 2 (2005–2008) and examination 3 (2009–2013), was defined as the first visit with systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or self-reported antihypertensive medication use. Over a median follow-up of 8.0 years, there were 650 (49.6%) incident hypertension cases. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension comparing participants with intermediate and ideal versus poor levels of moderate–vigorous physical activity were 0.84 (0.67–1.05) and 0.76 (0.58–0.99), respectively (P trend=0.038). A graded, dose–response association was also present for sport/exercise-related physical activity (Quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus Quartile 1: 0.92 [0.68–1.25], 0.87 [0.67–1.13], 0.75 [0.58–0.97], respectively; P trend=0.032). There were no statistically significant associations observed for overall physical activity, or work, active living, and household-related physical activities. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest that regular moderate–vigorous physical activity or sport/exercise-related physical activity may reduce the risk of developing hypertension in African Americans